No Mr. Wolfgang Schäuble, the euro won’t survive Greece’s exit
The German minister of Finance, Wolfgang Schäuble, stated in an interview with the “Rheinische Post” on 11 May 2012 that Europe has the capacities to cope with a Greek euro area exit.
He went on to say that Germany and its partners have learned a lot
during the last two years and have put in place several protection
mechanisms. Basically, this is a strong signal from one of the highest
German officials stating that the euro can survive without Greece. Let
me say this upfront: No, the euro—and probably the whole European Union project–cannot survive Greece’s exit from the Eurozone.
Schäuble’s statement could have been correct if it was given 2 years
ago. But now, his statement is tantamount to a Eurozone suicide. And
this is why.
However, before we get to why Greece’s exit from the Eurozone would
lead to the total collapse of the euro as a currency and probably to the
collapse of the European Union as an ambitious yet salutary political
project, we need to briefly remember how we got to this point.
The project of the European Union started or was imagined as a purely
political project by its founding fathers. On the ruins of the
disastrous and destructive second World War, Robert Shumann, Jean Monet,
Alcide De Gasperi, Paul Henri Spaak and Konrad Adenauer (two Frenchmen,
an Italian, a Belgium, and a German respectively) began imagining a
political project that would knit together the different European
countries and make the prospect of another destructive war between
European countries an impossible endeavor. Of course, this started with a
closer economic cooperation limited to a certain number of goods and
services and just between a small numbers of countries, which would
later on represent the core countries of the European Union. This
limited economic cooperation created a spillover effect, and over time,
more goods and services were included and more countries wished to join.
Long story short, this economic cooperation spilled over into a
political cooperation and led to the necessity of creating a common
currency—i.e., the euro.
After the Maastricht Treaty (also know as the Treaty on the European
Union) was adopted and ratified by most of the countries, the euro was
introduced. It was first introduced to the financial markets as an
accounting currency in 1999 (it replaced the old ECU) and then
introduced in circulation in 17 of the 27 EU member states replacing
their national currencies in 2002. The introduction of the euro caused a
certain euphoria in the financial markets. Suddenly, countries that
were deemed risky for investment saw a drastic influx of cheap
capital—i.e., loans. Basically, cheap money started pouring in southern
European countries like Greece, Italy, Spain, and even in Ireland and
Austria. Belonging to the Eurozone made these countries safe places,
though some of them had deep structural flaws (as we came to discover
that later on). This influx of cheap capital financed huge housing
boom-like bubbles and increased trade deficits. And then, the 2007-2008
financial crisis hit. It started in the U.S., but soon migrated to the
European continent. The influx of cheap money dried up. This caused
severe economic slowdowns and downturns in almost all of the Eurozone.
Since the European Union is an unfinished economic integration
project topped by an even more unfinished political integration,
countries like Greece, Spain, and Italy were literally up the creek
without a paddle. The economic crisis of 2008 led to a huge fiscal
crisis in these countries since they had no control over their monetary
policies, and they were obliged to keep their budgetary spending within
the 3% allowed by the EU agreements. However, in a time of severe
economic crisis, one needs to engage in fiscal deficit spending in order
to get out of the hole. The last thing a country needs is drastic cut
in public spending. Why? Because drastic cuts in public spending lowers
consumption, which lowers demand, which leads to less investments, which
leads to less revenues. And the more austerity measure a given country
adopts, the more it reinforces this infernal downward spiral. But what
did the EU leaders do? They did exactly what they should not have done.
Germany and France (Sarkozy’s France) forced most of the EU members
to engage in drastic public spending cuts hoping that fiscal discipline
would calm financial markets and stop speculations. However, these EU
leaders misread completely the message that most financial markets have
been sending. They were not looking for strict fiscal discipline, though
some discipline doesn’t hurt. They were looking for serious economic
growth prospects. Since spending cuts depress economic growth (just
look at the economic growth in the Eurozone countries in the last 2
years and you notice that cuts caused economic stagnation and recession
in France, Spain, the UK, Italy, Greece, and so forth), investors and
bond markets lost confidence in the Eurozone, and that led to higher
interest rates on short term borrowing. Not only are these countries
killing their economic growth with all those drastic cuts, but also they
can’t even find cheap capital to fund short-term operations.
Consequence: 3 European countries—Greece, Spain, and Italy—are on the
verge of total economic collapse and serious political turmoil.
So, what if we let Greece out of the Eurozone like Wolfgang Schäuble wants? What would happen to the rest of the Eurozone?
Let us game this scenario for a second.
As we speak, Greece is under a slow-moving financial blitzkrieg.
There is a slow moving bank-run on the Greek banks (or what the bankers
call a bank-jog). What does that mean? It means that depositors are
pulling out their capital to anticipate a possible Greek default or an
exit from the Eurozone. This bank-jog has been going on at a very low
rate for the last 2 or 3 months, but it has accelerated since the last
legislative elections. However, the ECB is backstopping, or for the
lack of a better word, financing this bank-jog through lending to Greek
banks the necessary capital. More accurately, the Greek banks are using
the emergency liquidity assistance until the EFSF (European Financial
Stability Facility) agrees to release its bonds, so they can use them as
collateral.
However, when the ECB decides to stop financing Greek banks (and
that’s what the German minister of Finance, Wolfgang Schäuble, means),
Greece would effectively be forced to leave the Eurozone and abandon the
euro as a currency, and revert to issuing again its own national
currency, the drachma.
The first fallout of such a move is that financial markets would lose
total confidence in every Eurozone countries. Greece leaving the
Eurozone means that the euro is reversible, and any country could decide
to abandon it. Do you remember that bank-jog we just talked about in
the previous paragraph? Well, that bank-job would turn into a bank-run
on Spanish, Italian, Irish, and possibly French banks. All investors and
all financial markets would pull out all of their money at once. Ladies
and gentlemen, no bank in the world and in the history of banking has
had enough cash or securities in its vaults to face a cataclysmic event
like this one. This means that most banks in Spain and Italy would
collapse overnight. A large numbers of banks in France, Germany,
Austria, Netherlands, and Belgium would also collapse. This would
trigger a worldwide chain reaction and some U.S, Japanese, and Russian
banks exposed to Eurozone debts would also be severally affected.
What we would be looking at is a total blow-up of the European Union and a severe global depression.
This is what it means to let Greece leave the Eurozone now. On top of
the financial and economic global calamity, we would also have a
political one. The rise of extreme right and left political parties in
Europe and elsewhere would surely be the most likely political outcome.
Mainstream parties would be blamed for the catastrophe and would be
completely discredited in the eyes of most voters, which would directly
benefit the extreme right and extreme left political leaders.
What to do then to avoid such a calamity? Not only must Greece stay
in the Eurozone, but also a more encompassing political economy must be
devised. First, the mutualization of the debt must be organized. Second,
the ECB must be restructured to issue euro-bonds so member states can
directly borrow from the ECB at low rate instead of borrowing from
banks. Third, a serious economic growth agenda must be considered so
countries like Spain, Italy and others could trigger decent economic
growth rates and emerge from the infernal cycle of austerity and
depression.
Finally, the ECB must increase the Eurozone inflation rate to at
least 4%. Why? In a recession, you expect average wages to adjust to a
lower level. As the unemployment rate increases, workers are willing to
accept lower wages, and as wages decrease, employers become more willing
to hire more workers. If this does not occur, the recessionary cycle
deepens and becomes persistent. There are several ways to fix this
problem, but let us concentrate on the one most suited for the Eurozone.
One of the problems in Spain, Italy, Greece and most of Europe is that
their workers have become increasingly uncompetitive over the past
decade—higher wages, high unemployment rates, and low investments
leading to a highly uncompetitive Eurozone worker. One way to correct
this is by devaluing the currency, which would effectively reduce wages
in a country compared to the rest of Europe. But this solution is not
available to most Eurozone member states because they do not have
control over their monetary policies. The Eurozone monetary policy is
dictated by the ECB. So how do you reduce wages in those countries when
you can’t manipulate your currency? Well keep wages constant, but allow
a higher inflation rate. If the ECB allows the inflation rate to run at
a 4% level, you effectively get no wage increase, but an effective drop
by 4%. This would increase the competitive edge of the European worker.
This is the only way out. But to reach these set of solutions, the
ECB and the Germans need to get over their obsession about spending,
inflation, price stability, and moral hazard. If Angela Merkel keeps on
doing what she has been doing and keeps on bullying the rest of the
Eurozone member states into these suicidal austerity programs, she would
literally cause the collapse of the European Union. Lastly, the ECB
needs to embrace its function as an independent central bank facing
drastic economic crisis with a possible political and economic collapse
of the whole area. The ECB needs to get over its rigid ideology of price
stability and face reality. Otherwise, there will not be an ECB in a
couple of years.
http://laseptiemewilaya.wordpress.com/2012/05/19/union-europeenne-non-messieurs-leuro-ne-survivra-pas-la-sortie-de-la-grece-de-la-zone-euro/